Pu Chan Xing(普顫行) and Pu Xian Xing(普賢行)
of Bodhisattva

Rinpoche first discoursed on 12^th December, 1993
Rinpoche repeated it in the Vajrayana Association (France) in September, 1994
Uploaded to the Website on 1^st November, 2014 (after about twenty-one years)

Introduction
1.	The term ‘Bodhisattva’ is very wide-ranging. Who can be called Bodhisattva? Those who benefit sentient beings are Bodhisattvas.
	Wouldn’t that be too easy to become Bodhisattvas? Certainly it is! However, Bodhisattvas are classified into Ten Bhumis/Ten-Ground (in Exoteric Buddhism). (remark: ‘Bhumi’ is the Sanskrit term, literally means ‘ground’ or ‘foundation’. Each stage represents a level of attainment in that case, and serves as a basis for the next one. From the position of Bodhisattva to become a Buddha, one must go through the ten bhumis or grounds)
2.	It is really not easy to board the Bodhisattva-Bhumi. Propagating Mahayana(Greater Vehicle), having written a book called《Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana》as well as being the Grand Master of Eight Schools in Mahayana Buddhism, Bodhisattva Nagarjuna from (ancient) India can only be ‘First Bhumi Bodhisattva’. One can well imagine how (hard) the other bhumis be achieved.
	Reference materials concerning Bodhisattva Nagarjuna:
	Our website
		＞	祖師傳記 (will be translated in future)
		＞＞	其他祖師 (will be translated in future)
		＞＞＞	龍樹菩薩 (will be translated in future)
	Buddhist Vajrayana Charity Funds http://www.vajrayanacf.org.hk
		＞	智慧寶庫  (will be translated in future)
		＞＞	佛學淺談  (will be translated in future)
		＞＞＞	• 要勇於承認錯誤和改正錯誤  (will be translated in future)
			• 簡介華嚴經  (will be translated in future)
			• 禪的不可思議  (will be translated in future)
3.	Hence, Buddhists who cultivate ‘Bodhisattva Practice’ and practise Bodhisattva Path are merely ‘Initial heart-giving’ Bodhisattvas. One must undergo Ten Faith, Ten Abodes, Ten Practices and Ten Dedications, then one can achieve the attainment of ‘Pre-Ground Bodhisattva’.

Content
(A)
1.	First Bhumi Bodhisattva, who is also known as ‘The Very Joyousness (Sanskrit:Pramudita)’; this level of Bodhisattva can eliminate delusive views and perceive the two emptiness principles to have the achievement of Dana Paramita (Dana means charitable-giving). One achieves great joy accordingly and attains the First Bhumi immediately.
2.	Second Bhumi Bodhisattva, who is also known as ‘The Stainless (Sanskrit: Vimala)’; this level of Bodhisattva can cut off the perplexing thoughts and get rid of the fault committed so that one can have a pure body to have the achievement of Sila Paramita (Sila means taking and upholding precepts). As one is so pure that one is free from all moral impurities, one manages to attain the Second Bhumi.
3.	Third Bhumi Bodhisattva, who is also known as ‘The Light-Maker (Sanskrit:Prabhakari)’; this level of Bodhisattva can eliminate the darkness of ignorance and break off the afflictive hindrances as well as cognitive hindrances so as to have the achievement of Ksanti Paramita (Ksanti means endurance and patience). With the removal of hindrance and the breaking of darkness, therefore, one is able to attain the Third Bhumi.
4.	Fourth Bhumi Bodhisattva, who is also known as ‘The Radiant Intellect (Sanskrit: Arcismati)’; this level of Bodhisattva works diligently on the cultivation of Thirty-seven Aspects of Enlightenment (That is Four Dwellings in Mindfulness, Four Right Efforts, Four Bases of Meditative Power, Five Roots, Five Powers, Seven Factors of Enlightenment and Eightfold Noble Paths which make a total of Thirty-seven Aspects of Enlightenment). Proceeding to the next step, one can then practise the unique Dharma(i.e. the eighteen merits & virtues of the Buddha) that enables one to have the achievement of Virya Paramita (Virya means perseverance of effort and diligence). As one’s knowledge and wisdom can be as flourishing as a flame, one manages to attain the Fourth Bhumi. (Postscript: there is a flourishing flame wheel of wisdom on the head of this level of Bodhisattva)
5.	Fifth Bhumi Bodhisattva, who is also known as ‘Mastery of Utmost Difficulties (Sanskrit: Sudurjaya)’, aims at benefitting the sentient beings, Bodhisattva of this level learns externally various skills of healing, divination, horoscope etc.(medical skills, astronomy, calendar, the five elements ‘metal, wood, water, fire and earth’, divination and music etc.) as well as all sorts of techniques, arts and crafts. This Bodhisattva cultivates meditation internally to achieve the great wisdom through practising Samadhi. Following the worldly customs in the outside but cultivating Dhyana Paramita (Dhyana means meditation) in the inside, no one else on Earth has the ability to subdue this Bodhisattva and thus this Bodhisattva can attain the Fifth Bhumi.

Note:	Today, we are merely going to discuss the first five bhumis/grounds so that we can have a summarized knowledge of the stages of attainment of Bodhisattvas.
(B)	Since we are talking about Bodhisattvas, let’s introduce the ‘Pu Xian Xing’ (the practices) of the ‘Samantabhadra Bodhisattva’ in particular. Before talking about ‘Pu Xian Xing’, I would like to explain a little about ‘Pu Chan Xing’.
	Facilitators of ‘Pu Chan Xing’	–	refrain from showing one’s ability and do not vie with others. Keeping mundane in everything and even are eager to contaminate oneself without hesitation. Being willing to occupy a humble place among others and can stand the drudgery of any work. That is why Bodhisattvas learn external intellectual skills for benefitting sentient beings.
	Facilitators of ‘Pu Xian Xing’	–	cultivate Esoteric methods to aim at the attainment of Samadhi (that is the internal cultivation of the Dhyana Paramita of Bodhisattvas). They also shield and sustain the precepts of the Buddha.

Note:
	•	Unfortunately, only Pu Chan Xing (i.e. everyone says that one can contaminate oneself) can be seen nowadays, but not Pu Xian Xing (i.e. everybody abstains the precepts when practising Dhyana). It is such a pity.
	•	For some others, they carry out Pu Xian Xing, however, there is a lack of Pu Chan Xing (i.e. they refuse to sacrifice themselves…).
	•	A genuine Bodhisattva put both Pu Chan Xing and Pu Xian Xing into practice concurrently.